State Executive & State Legislature
The constitutional structure of Indian states mirrors the Union parliamentary model, established under Part VI of the Constitution. The Governor acts as the constitutional executive head of the state, appointed by the President under Article 155, and holds dual status as the constitutional nominal head and the Centre's representative. Real executive power rests with the Chief Minister and the State Council of Ministers, collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). While most states maintain unicameral legislatures, six states operate bicameral legislatures with a Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad). Centre-State relations are defined across Union, State, and Concurrent legislative lists under the Seventh Schedule, with residuary powers resting with Parliament.
Key Concepts & Examination Highlights
- The Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President under Article 156 of the Indian Constitution.
- Six Indian states currently maintain bicameral legislatures: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
- Article 356 empowers the President to impose President's Rule in a state upon receiving a report from the Governor regarding constitutional breakdown.
- The Sarkaria Commission (1983) and Punchhi Commission (2007) made foundational recommendations regarding Centre-State balance and Governor appointments.